{"id":70088,"date":"2021-06-08T12:48:12","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T09:48:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/universkop.com\/?p=70088"},"modified":"2021-06-08T13:57:06","modified_gmt":"2021-06-08T10:57:06","slug":"rusca-alfabe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/universkop.com\/rusca-alfabe\/","title":{"rendered":"Rus\u00e7a Alfabe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n

Rus\u00e7a alfabe Rus\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenmenin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde farkl\u0131 \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan Rus\u00e7a alfabenin tarihi \u00e7ok eskiye dayan\u0131r. Peki Rus\u00e7a alfabe san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar zor mu? Rus\u00e7a alfabeyi daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131mak isterseniz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgiler i\u015finize yarayabilir.<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7a alfabenin tarihsel geli\u015fimi<\/h3>\n

9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kiril ve Methodius ad\u0131ndaki iki Bizansl\u0131 Yunan karde\u015f, Orta \u00c7a\u011f Yunan alfabesini baz\u0131 Slav sesleriyle birle\u015ftirdiler ve ortaya Kiril alfabesini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Alfabeyi beraber bulmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen alfabenin neden tek bir karde\u015fin ismini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da neden Methodius alfabesi de\u011fil de Kiril alfabesi oldu\u011fu hala tart\u0131\u015fmalara \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir konudur.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdiki en modern haliyle Rus\u00e7a alfabe 21 sessiz, 10 sesli ve 2 tane ses ifade etmeyen (tonlama harfleri) toplamda 33 harften olu\u015fsa da eskiden bu say\u0131 \u00e7ok daha fazlayd\u0131. Kiril ve Methodius zaman\u0131nda alfabe 49 harften olu\u015furken zamanla bu say\u0131 46\u2019ya inmi\u015f. 1918 y\u0131llar\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde Rus\u00e7a alfabede 38 harf varm\u0131\u015f ama baz\u0131 dil reformlar\u0131yla gereksiz oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen 5 harf \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Rus\u00e7a alfabe bug\u00fcnk\u00fc halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7a alfabenin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve okunu\u015fu<\/h3>\n

Rus\u00e7a alfabedeki harfler g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f olarak Latin alfabesindeki baz\u0131 harflere benzese de yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f olarak farkl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Rus\u00e7an\u0131n aksan fark\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 baz\u0131 harfleri telaffuz ederken zorlanabilirsiniz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda Rus\u00e7a harflere ve en yak\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e okunu\u015flar\u0131na bak\u0131p belki de isminizi yazmay\u0131 deneyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rus\u00e7a Harf<\/th>\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/th>\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e Okunu\u015fu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
A a<\/td>\nA<\/td>\nA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0411 \u0431<\/td>\nB<\/td>\nBe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B \u0432<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nVe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0413 \u0433<\/td>\nG<\/td>\nGe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0414 \u0434<\/td>\nD<\/td>\nDe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0415 \u0435<\/td>\nE<\/td>\nYe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0401 \u0451<\/td>\n\u00d6<\/td>\nY\u00f6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0416 \u0436<\/td>\nJ<\/td>\nJe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3 \u0437<\/td>\nZ<\/td>\nZe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0418 \u0438<\/td>\n\u0130<\/td>\n\u0130<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0419 \u0439<\/td>\nY<\/td>\nYi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041a \u043a<\/td>\nK<\/td>\nKa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041b \u043b<\/td>\nL<\/td>\nEl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041c \u043c<\/td>\nM<\/td>\nEm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041d \u043d<\/td>\nN<\/td>\nEn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O o<\/td>\nO<\/td>\nO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041f \u043f<\/td>\nP<\/td>\nPe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0420 \u0440<\/td>\nR<\/td>\nEr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0421 \u0441<\/td>\nS<\/td>\nEs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0422 \u0442<\/td>\nT<\/td>\nTe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0423 \u0443<\/td>\nU<\/td>\nU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0424 \u0444<\/td>\nF<\/td>\nFe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0425 \u0445<\/td>\nH<\/td>\nHa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0426 \u0446<\/td>\nTs<\/td>\nTse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0427 \u0447<\/td>\n\u00c7<\/td>\n\u00c7e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0428 \u0448<\/td>\n\u015e<\/td>\n\u015ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0429\u0449<\/td>\n\u015e\u00c7<\/td>\n\u015e\u00e7a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u042a \u044a<\/td>\n(sertle\u015fme harfi)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u042b \u044b<\/td>\nI<\/td>\nI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u042c \u044c<\/td>\n(yumu\u015fatma harfi)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u042d \u044d<\/td>\nE<\/td>\nE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u042e \u044e<\/td>\n\u00dc<\/td>\nY\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u042f \u044f<\/td>\nYa<\/td>\nYa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Rus\u00e7a alfabenin vazge\u00e7ilmezi: \u201cAzbuka\u201d<\/h3>\n

Rus okullar\u0131nda 1. s\u0131n\u0131fa giden t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n olmazsa olmaz kitab\u0131 \u201cAzbuka\u201dd\u0131r. Bu kitap, Rus\u00e7a alfabedeki harfleri bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor ama harflerin s\u0131ralamas\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n alfabeye adapte olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in en basit harften en zor harfe s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f. Her sayfada bir harf, o harfin hem el yaz\u0131s\u0131 hem de d\u00fcz yaz\u0131 hali vard\u0131r. Rus\u00e7ada \u00e7o\u011fu harfin el yaz\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fcz yaz\u0131 hali birbirinden tamamen farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n her iki halini de bilmesi zorunludur.\"Azbuka:<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7a alfabenin el yaz\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n

Bir\u00e7ok dilin aksine Rus\u00e7a alfabeyi d\u00fcz yaz\u0131 yazmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda el yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da bilmek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Rus\u00e7a el yaz\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel defterler vard\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her harf belirli bir e\u011fimle yaz\u0131lmal\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Rus okullar\u0131nda okuyan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n el yaz\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeleri i\u00e7in \u201cEl yaz\u0131s\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 dersleri vard\u0131r. Rusya\u2019da el yaz\u0131s\u0131na o kadar \u00f6nem verilir ki 23 Ocak \u201cEl Yaz\u0131s\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak ilan edilmi\u015ftir ve her y\u0131l bu tarihte kutlama yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7a alfabenin sevilmeyen harfi: \u201cF\u201d<\/h3>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte dil ile ilgili yap\u0131lan reformlarda dile uymayan ya da yabanc\u0131 olan bir\u00e7ok harf \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lsa da birka\u00e7 harf \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak \u2018F\u2019 harfini verebiliriz. Bu harf bir\u00e7ok kez alfabeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p tekrar geri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Halktan o kadar \u00e7ok tepki alm\u0131\u015f ki Rus edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fairlerinden biri olan Pu\u015fkin t\u00fcm eserlerinde toplamda sadece 7 ya da 8 kez F harfini kullanm\u0131\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca Rus\u00e7ada birka\u00e7 kelimeyi d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutarsak F harfiyle ba\u015flayan t\u00fcm s\u00f6zc\u00fckler yabanc\u0131 dilden Rus\u00e7aya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fulan diller aras\u0131nda 8. s\u0131rada<\/h3>\n

Rus\u00e7an\u0131n d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan dillerden biri oldu\u011funu hepiniz biliyorsunuzdur. 260 milyondan fazla insan Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fmay\u0131 biliyor. Belki bilmedi\u011finiz bir \u015fey varsa o da Rus\u00e7an\u0131n Avrasya k\u0131tas\u0131nda en \u00e7ok yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dil oldu\u011fudur. Beyaz Rusya, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve tabi ki Rusya\u2019n\u0131n resmi dili Rus\u00e7ad\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda eskiden Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde yer alan \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkelerde insanlar Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fabiliyor. E\u011fer bu \u00fclkelerden birine gidecek olursan\u0131z birka\u00e7 Rus\u00e7a kelime bilmenizde fayda var.<\/p>\n

Neden Rus\u00e7a \u00d6\u011frenmeliyim?<\/h3>\n

Rus\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenmen i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok sebep var ama bunlardan birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bulabilirsin.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Yukar\u0131da da bahsetti\u011fim gibi Rus\u00e7a, konu\u015fulan diller s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir yere sahip. Bu da demek oluyor ki d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ok daha fazla insanla ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsin.<\/li>\n
  2. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin resmi dillerinden biri de Rus\u00e7ad\u0131r. Di\u011fer resmi dillerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00c7ince ve Arap\u00e7ad\u0131r ama emin ol ki Rus\u00e7a onlara g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha kolay bir dil.<\/li>\n
  3. Rus\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenmek, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok Slav dile kap\u0131 aralamak demektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hepsi birbirine \u00e7ok benziyor ve birini \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda di\u011fer Slav dillerinde de bir\u00e7ok kelimeyi anlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 fark edersiniz.<\/li>\n
  4. Kariyerinize yeni olanaklar ekleyin. \u00c7o\u011fu \u015firkette, farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yerlerinde ve hatta istihbarat servislerinde Rus\u00e7a bilen personel i\u015fe daha kolay al\u0131n\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca hukuk, finans, uluslararas\u0131 ticaret gibi bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 alanda Rus\u00e7a bilmek \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir \u00f6zellik say\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 belki de Rus\u00e7a senin \u00f6n\u00fcne hi\u00e7 tahmin etmedi\u011fin imkanlar sunabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Rus\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flayanlara tavsiyeler<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \u00d6ncelikle Rus\u00e7a alfabeyi \u00f6\u011frenerek ba\u015flamal\u0131s\u0131n. \u0130lk ba\u015fta zor gelse de bir s\u00fcre sonra hi\u00e7 zorlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark edeceksin. Alfabeyi bilmek s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri daha kolay telaffuz etmeni, sesli \u015fekilde okuman\u0131 ve s\u00f6zl\u00fck kullanabilmeni sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Defter tutmaya ba\u015flayabilirsin. Yeni bir kelime \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finde, o kelimenin Rus\u00e7a halini (Rus\u00e7a yaz\u0131n geli\u015fir), T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisini ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak okunu\u015funu yazabilirsin.\u2019C\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0430, K\u00f6pek, Sobaka\u2019 gibi.<\/li>\n
    • Rus\u00e7a m\u00fczik dinlemeye, altyaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7izgi film, film ya da TV programlar\u0131 izlemeye ba\u015flayabilirsin. B\u00f6ylece kula\u011f\u0131n Rus\u00e7aya a\u015fina olur.<\/li>\n
    • Kendine Rus\u00e7a bilen bir arkada\u015f edinebilirsin. Bunu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde var olan sosyal medya a\u011flar\u0131 sayesinde yapmak \u00e7ok kolay. Kendine Rus\u00e7a bilen bir arkada\u015f buldu\u011funda sen ona kendi dilini o da sana Rus\u00e7a \u00f6\u011fretebilir. Bu durum ikinizin de i\u015fine yarar.<\/li>\n
    • Youtube \u00fczerinden videolar izleyerek Rus\u00e7an\u0131 geli\u015ftirebilirsin. Hem videoyu izlerken s\u00f6ylenenleri tekrar edebilir hem de not alabilirsin. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da i\u015fine yarayabilecek birka\u00e7 tane video bulabilirsin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Faydal\u0131 bir YouTube kanal\u0131: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC3M8bCcek0hc78Lfl9TG-hQ<\/a><\/p>\n

      Faydal\u0131 videolar:<\/p>\n